Tugas Structure

 Septian Nugroho Wicaksono 

A320110045

A. Present progressive = am  + (base form + -ing) :  I am working.  OR is + (base form + -ing) : She is eating. OR  are + (base form + -ing) :  We are studying.
                 Example:

                  a.       A: He is speaking.

N: He is not speaking.

Q: Is he speaking?

b.      A: He is writing some texts.

N: He is not writing some texts.

Q: Is he writing some texts?

c.       A: He is cooking fried rice.

N: He is not cooking fried rice.

Q: Is he cooking fried rice?

d.      A: He is singing in his bed.

N: He is not singing in his bed.

Q: Is he singing in his bed?

B. Past progressive = was  + (base form + -ing) : I was working.  OR were + (base form + -ing) : They were eating.

                 Example :

a.       A: He was speaking.

N: He was not speaking.

Q: Was he speaking?

b.      When I was cleaning my bed my mother was cooking in the kitchen.

c.       When I was watching TV my father called me.

d.      A: He was writing.

N: He was not writing.

Q: Was he writing?

e.      When I was reading a book my mother was watering flowers at the garden.

f.        When I was watching TV my father came.

D. Present perfect progressive = have + (base form + -ing): I have been working.  OR has + (base form + -ing): She has been eating.

1. This tense emphasizes the duration of an activity that began in the past and continues into the present.  It often uses time words or phrases. It may be used to refer to continuing activity that is recent.

                 Example :

a.       A: He has been speaking.

N: He has not been speaking.

Q: Has he been speaking?

b.      A: He has been reading magazine.

N: He has not been reading magazine.

Q: Has he been reading magazine?

c.       A: He has been listening to musics.

N: He has not listening to musics.

Q: Has he been listening to musics?

d.      A: He has been sleeping.

N: He has not been sleeping.

Q: Has he been sleeping?

e.      I have been watching TV for two hours (+)

f.        He has been playing football since elementary school (+)

g.       Marina has not been learning english for two years (-)

h.      Have you been reading a book for an hour ? (?)

E. Past perfect progressive  = had + (base form + -ing) : I had been working. He had been eating.

           

Example :

a.       A: He had been speaking.
N: He had not been speaking.
Q: Had he been speaking?

b.      He had been living in Jakarta about ten years (+)

He had not been living in Jakarta about ten years (-)

Had He been living in Jakarta about ten years ? (?)

c.       He had been staying in Banyumas about ten years (+)

He had not been staying in Banyumas about ten years (-)

Had He been staying in Banyumas about ten years ? (?)

                 d.      A: He had been reading.
                       N: He had not been reading.
                       Q: Had he been reading?

F. Future perfect progressive = will  have + (base form + -ing): I will have been working. She will have been eating.

This tense emphasizes the duration of a continuing activity in the future that ends before another activity or time in the future.

                 Example :

a.       I will be watching a movie tonight (+).

I will not be watching a movie tonight (-).

Will you be watching a movie tonight ? (?).

b.      I will be reading a book tonight (+).

I will not be reading a book tonight (-).

Will you be reading a book tonight ? (?).

c.       I will be writing a letter tonight (+).

I will not be writing a letter tonight (-).

Will you be writing a letter tonight ? (?).

d.      I will be playing table tennis tonight (+).

I will not be playing table tennis tonight (-).

Will you be playing table tennis tonight ? (?).

SUMBER 

Modals

MAY and MUST

1.       MAY

a.       Possibility

Example:

a.       She may be smart

b.      He may be rich

c.       Andi may be at home

d.      It may rain

e.      You may win the contest

f.        It may rain tomorrow

g.       They may go to the party

h.      I may watch TV

i.         Budi may stay at the party after midnight

j.        Our team may become the winner of this competition

b.      Request permission

Example:

a.       May I have another cup of coffee?

b.      May I use your motorcycle?

c.       May I smoke here?

d.      May I leave this class?

e.      May I go to toilet?

f.        May I borrow your eraser?

g.       May I borrow your phone?

h.      May I go to the beach mom?

i.         May I use your bathroom?

j.        May I make a phone call?

2.       MUST

a.       Prohibition

Example:

a.       You must not make noise in the library

b.      You must not eat in the class

c.       You must not sleep in the class

d.      You must not speak loudly in the hospital

e.      You must not smoke in the hospital

f.        They must not play at our garden

g.       We must not come late to the class

h.      We must not make noise at the class

i.         We must not throw rubbish at anyway

j.        We must not make a call when at class

b.      Necessity / obligation

Example:

a.       You must tell the truth to the police

b.      I must get up early tomorrow

c.       You must call me when you arrive

d.      You must do your homework

e.      You must listen to your lecture

f.        You must fasten your seat belt

g.       We must give place to old people

h.      We must throw litter to the stairs

i.         You must honor your parent

j.        You must knock the door before you enter to my room

c.       Recommendation

Example:

a.       You must take a rest for some time

b.      You must take some medicine for your cough

c.       You must listen this song

d.      You must study hard to get good score

e.      You must ask teacher if you don’t understand what the teacher say

f.        We must be careful when across that way

g.       She must see the doctor to check up her healthy

h.      You must watch this movie, it’s very cool

i.         Because it’s rain, you must take your umbrella

j.        You must clean your room